|
Looking
for the Best Mortgage
Shopping
around for a home loan or mortgage will help you to get the best
financing deal. A mortgage—whether it's a home purchase, a
refinancing, or a home equity loan—is a product, just like
a car, so the price and terms may be negotiable. You'll want to
compare all the costs involved in obtaining a mortgage. Shopping,
comparing, and negotiating may save you thousands of dollars.
Obtain
Information from Several Lenders
Home
loans are available from several types of lenders, thrift institutions,
commercial banks, mortgage companies, and credit unions. Different
lenders may quote you different prices, so you should contact several
lenders to make sure you're getting the best price. You can also
get a home loan through a mortgage broker. Brokers arrange
transactions rather than lending money directly; in other words,
they find a lender for you. A broker's access to several lenders
can mean a wider selection of loan products and terms from which
you can choose. Brokers will generally contact several lenders regarding
your application, but they are not obligated to find the best deal
for you unless they have contracted with you to act as your
agent. Consequently, you should consider contacting more than one
broker, just as you should with banks or thrift institutions.
Whether
you are dealing with a lender or a broker may not always be clear.
Some financial institutions operate as both lenders and brokers.
And most brokers' advertisements do not use the word "broker." Therefore,
be sure to ask whether a broker is involved. This information is
important because brokers are usually paid a fee for their services
that may be separate from and in addition to the lender's origination
or other fees. A broker's compensation may be in the form of "points"
paid at closing or as an add-on to your interest rate, or both.
You should ask each broker you work with how he or she will be compensated
so that you can compare the different fees. Be prepared to negotiate
with the brokers as well as the lenders.
Obtain
All Important Cost Information
Be
sure to get information about mortgages from several lenders or
brokers. Know how much of a down payment you can afford, and find
out all the costs involved in the loan. Knowing just the amount
of the monthly payment or the interest rate is not enough.
Ask for information about the same loan amount, loan term, and type
of loan so that you can compare the information. The following
information is important to get from each lender and broker:
Rates
- Ask
each lender and broker for a list of its current mortgage interest
rates and whether the rates being quoted are the lowest for that
day or week.
- Ask
whether the rate is fixed or adjustable. Keep in mind that when
interest rates for adjustable-rate loans go up, generally so does
the monthly payment.
- If
the rate quoted is for an adjustable-rate loan, ask how your rate
and loan payment will vary, including whether your loan payment
will be reduced when rates go down.
- Ask
about the loan's annual percentage rate (APR). The APR takes into
account not only the interest rate but also points, broker fees,
and certain other credit charges that you may be required to pay,
expressed as a yearly rate.
Points
Points
are fees paid to the lender or broker for the loan and are often
linked to the interest rate; usually the more points you pay, the
lower the rate.
- Check
your local newspaper for information about rates and points currently
being offered.
- Ask
for points to be quoted to you as a dollar amount—rather
than just as the number of points—so that you will actually
know how much you will have to pay.
Fees
A
home loan often involves many fees, such as loan origination or
underwriting fees, broker fees, and transaction, settlement, and
closing costs. Every lender or broker should be able to give you
an estimate of its fees. Many of these fees are negotiable. Some
fees are paid when you apply for a loan (such as application and
appraisal fees), and others are paid at closing. In some cases,
you can borrow the money needed to pay these fees, but doing so
will increase your loan amount and total costs. "No cost" loans
are sometimes available, but they usually involve higher rates.
- Ask
what each fee includes. Several items may be lumped into one fee.
- Ask
for an explanation of any fee you do not understand. Some common
fees associated with a home loan closing are listed on the Mortgage
Shopping Worksheet in this brochure.
Down
Payments and Private Mortgage Insurance
Some
lenders require 20 percent of the home's purchase price as a down
payment. However, many lenders now offer loans that require less
than 20 percent down—sometimes as little as 5 percent on conventional
loans. If a 20 percent down payment is not made, lenders usually
require the home buyer to purchase private mortgage insurance (PMI)
to protect the lender in case the home buyer fails to pay. When
government-assisted programs such as FHA (Federal Housing Administration),
VA (Veterans Administration), or Rural Development Services are
available, the down payment requirements may be substantially smaller.
- Ask
about the lender's requirements for a down payment, including
what you need to do to verify that funds for your down payment
are available.
- Ask
your lender about special programs it may offer.
If
PMI is required for your loan,
- Ask
what the total cost of the insurance will be.
- Ask
how much your monthly payment will be when including the PMI premium.
- Ask
how long you will be required to carry PMI.
Obtain
the Best Deal That You Can
Once
you know what each lender has to offer, negotiate for the best deal
that you can. On any given day, lenders and brokers may offer different
prices for the same loan terms to different consumers, even if those
consumers have the same loan qualifications. The most likely reason
for this difference in price is that loan officers and brokers are
often allowed to keep some or all of this difference as extra compensation.
Generally, the difference between the lowest available price for
a loan product and any higher price that the borrower agrees to
pay is an overage. When overages occur, they are built into the
prices quoted to consumers. They can occur in both fixed and variable-rate
loans and can be in the form of points, fees, or the interest rate.
Whether quoted to you by a loan officer or a broker, the price of
any loan may contain overages.
Have
the lender or broker write down all the costs associated with the
loan. Then ask if the lender or broker will waive or reduce one
or more of its fees or agree to a lower rate or fewer points. You'll
want to make sure that the lender or broker is not agreeing to lower
one fee while raising another or to lower the rate while raising
points. There's no harm in asking lenders or brokers if they can
give better terms than the original ones they quoted or than those
you have found elsewhere.
Once
you are satisfied with the terms you have negotiated, you may want
to obtain a written lock-in from the lender or broker. The lock-in
should include the rate that you have agreed upon, the period the
lock-in lasts, and the number of points to be paid. A fee may be
charged for locking in the loan rate. This fee may be refundable
at closing. Lock-ins can protect you from rate increases while your
loan is being processed; if rates fall, however, you could end up
with a less favorable rate. Should that happen, try to negotiate
a compromise with the lender or broker.
Remember:
Shop, Compare, Negotiate
When
buying a home, remember to shop around, to compare costs and terms,
and to negotiate for the best deal. Your local newspaper and the
Internet are good places to start shopping for a loan. You can usually
find information both on interest rates and on points for several
lenders. Since rates and points can change daily, you'll want to
check your newspaper often when shopping for a home loan. But the
newspaper does not list the fees, so be sure to ask the lenders
about them.
The
Mortgage Shopping Worksheet
,courtesy of the Federal Trade Commission, , may also help you.
Take it with you when you speak to each lender or broker and write
down the information you obtain. Don't be afraid to make lenders
and brokers compete with each other for your business by letting
them know that you are shopping for the best deal.
Fair
Lending Is Required by Law
The
Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits lenders from
discriminating against credit applicants in any aspect of a credit
transaction on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin,
sex, marital status, age, whether all or part of the applicant's
income comes from a public assistance program, or whether the applicant
has in good faith exercised a right under the Consumer Credit Protection
Act.
The
Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination in residential
real estate transactions on the basis of race, color, religion,
sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin.
Under
these laws, a consumer cannot be refused a loan based on
these characteristics nor be charged more for a loan or offered
less favorable terms based on such characteristics.
Credit
Problems? Still Shop, Compare, and Negotiate
Don't
assume that minor credit problems or difficulties stemming from
unique circumstances, such as illness or temporary loss of income,
will limit your loan choices to only high-cost lenders.
If
your credit report contains negative information that is accurate,
but there are good reasons for trusting you to repay a loan, be
sure to explain your situation to the lender or broker. If your
credit problems cannot be explained, you will probably have to pay
more than borrowers who have good credit histories. But don't assume
that the only way to get credit is to pay a high price. Ask how
your past credit history affects the price of your loan and what
you would need to do to get a better price. Take the time to shop
around and negotiate the best deal that you can.
Whether
you have credit problems or not, it's a good idea to review your
credit report for accuracy and completeness before you apply for
a loan. To order a copy of your credit report, contact:
Equifax:
(800) 685-1111
TransUnion: (800) 916-8800
Experian: (888) EXPERIAN (397-3742)
|